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    6. 平漢鐵路與華北的經濟發展〈1905─1937〉

    平漢鐵路與華北的經濟發展〈1905─1937〉

    Author 張瑞德
    Publisher 華藝數位 /中央研究院近代史研究所
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    Released
    1987/01/01
    Language
    Traditional Chinese
    File format
    PDF (10MB), fit in large screen and Pubook
    Pages
    188
    ID
    217492
    ISBN
    957671611X
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    鐵路在西方被視為是歷史上最具革命性的工具,自清末輸入中國以來,直至 一九三○年代,國人對於鐵路的看法不一,或認為是開發內地農村的利器──鐵路完成後可輸入生產財,強化本土工業,促進土貨出口,只要鐵路一開通,即可使中國立致富強;或認為是加速農村崩潰的凶器──鐵路有助於列強輸出土貨,傾銷洋貨,使鄉民生活水準降低,甚至造成農村的破產。本書作者即試圖以平漢鐵路為例,探討鐵路在中國經濟發展過程中所扮演的角色,並與西方先進國家作一對照。作者發現,平漢鐵路的興築,一方面促進了農產商業化的程度,使鄉民的收入增加;另一方面,有助於過剩人口移往東北,減輕了華北的人口壓力。至於鐵路對於市場的加深和區域間貿易的促進,則有助於國內市場的整合。鐵路開通後,本國或外國機器製品的流入,或許摧毀了一些缺乏競爭能力的傳統手工業,但同時也強化了一些手工業,並刺激興起了一些新式工業。由於以上這些因素,使得戰前的華北經濟有所成長,鄉村社會也呈現出更為活潑的面貌。 雖然如此,中國修築鐵路所用材料多來自國外,無法產生較大的向後連鎖影響;由於社會長期動盪不安,加以經營不善,使得鐵路在單位運輸成本上並無重大的突破,鐵路的功能也就無法充分發揮。更有進者,中國近代的經濟問題過於複雜,絕非運輸費用的略微降低即可解決,尚賴此經濟內部其他條件的改善。因此,鐵路在中國經濟發展過程中所扮演的角色,也就無法和西方的鐵路相比。
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    Released
    1987/01/01
    Language
    Traditional Chinese
    File format
    PDF: Fit in large screen
    Provide Adobe DRM
    Provide PDF
    Offer DRM free license
    No
    ID
    217492
    ISBN
    957671611X

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